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Bible Criticism

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The Danger of Biblical Criticism BY KENNETH IGADO MALENGE  (A Confessional and Doctrinal Evaluation of Source Criticism, Higher Criticism, and the Assault on Inspiration) Abstract This paper argues that modern biblical criticism—specifically New Testament source criticism and Old Testament higher criticism—is fundamentally incompatible with the biblical, confessional, and theological doctrine of Holy Scripture. By examining Scripture’s own testimony concerning inspiration, preservation, authorship, and authority, and by aligning these doctrines explicitly with the Westminster Confession of Faith and the Second London Baptist Confession of Faith (1689), this study demonstrates that biblical criticism is not a neutral academic tool but a doctrinal system that undermines revelation. Particular attention is given to the denial of verbal–plenary inspiration, the erosion of providential preservation, the rejection of Mosaic and apostolic authorship, and the theological consequences of Ma...
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Christmas Sermon

CHRISTMAS SERMON WHY JESUS HAD TO BE BORN Key Text: Galatians 4:4–5 (KJV) “But when the fulness of the time was come, God sent forth his Son, made of a woman, made under the law, To redeem them that were under the law, that we might receive the adoption of sons.” INTRODUCTION The birth of Jesus Christ was not an accident of history, nor merely a sentimental Christmas story. It was a divine necessity . If Christ had not been born, there would be no salvation, no redemption, and no hope for fallen humanity. Scripture teaches that Jesus had to be born because of who God is , what man had become , and what God’s justice required . UNDERSTANDING THE KEY TEXT (Galatians 4:4–5) “ But when the fulness of the time was come ” The word “But” marks a turning point in redemptive history. Humanity was under bondage and condemnation, but God intervened . The “fulness of the time” means that nothing was late or early. Christ came at the exact moment appointed by God—when prophecy, h...
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Vocabulary אָ כַ ל he ate גָּ נַ ב he stole דְּ מוּת (f ) likeness, image דַּ ֣ﬠַ ת (f ) knowledge הַ וֹיּם today הֵ יכָ ל temple חֹ֣ דֶ שׁ new moon, month חוֹמָ ה (f ) wall he wrote כָּ תַ ב לָ כֵ ן therefore מַ לְ וּכּת (f ) kingdom נֶ ֣ גֶ ב Negev, dry country, south נָ תַ ן he gave ﬠָ מַ ד he stood ﬠָשׂ ָ ה he did, made צֹאן ock, sheep צַ דִּ יק righteous one צֶ ֣לֶ ם image, likenes TRANSLITERATION + TRANSLATION Section: Opening Story Paragraphs Paragraph 1 Transliteration Ve-haya bi-ymei avoteichem be-vagad, be‘ir ha-gedolah, ve-yihyu sham shnei aḥim: eḥad ashir u-shemo ‘Ali-Baba, ve-eḥad me’od ‘ani u-shemo Kassim. Pesim, pesim, lo hayah lo eved rav, ve-af ‘al-i-kivsa eved kol yamav be-mavo ‘ashirim. Translation And it happened in the days of your ancestors in Baghdad, the great city, that there were two brothers there: One was wealthy, named Ali Baba, and the other was very poor, named Kassim. Kassim had many servants, while Ali Baba had none, and all his days he lived am...
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Hebrews

אֶבֶן (f) even stone אֲנִי / אָנֹכִי ani / anokhi I אַתְּ (f) at you (f) אַתָּה atta you (m) דּוֹר dor generation הוּא hu he / it / that הִוא / הִיא hi / hi she / it / that יְרוּשָׁלַיִם Yerushalayim Jerusalem כֹּה koh thus לֶחֶם lechem bread מִדְבָּר midbar wilderness, desert מָה mah what? מִי mi who? מִשְׁפָּט mishpat judgment, justice מֹשֶׁה Mosheh Moses נָבִיא navi prophet נַעַר na‘ar lad, youth נַעֲרָה (f) na‘arah maiden, young woman סֵפֶר sefer book עֶבֶד ‘eved servant, slave פֶּן pen lest רֶגֶל (f) regel foot שֶׁמֶן shemen oil, fat תּוֹרָה (f) torah law, instruction אָהַב ahav he loved אָמַר amar he said בָּרָא bara he created הָיָה hayah he was, became הָלַךְ halakh he walked, went יָדַע yada‘ he knew זֶה zeh this (m) זֹאת zot this (f) אֵלֶּה elleh these יַחְדָּו yachdav together יֶלֶד yeled chi...
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Day 4

Galatians 5:22-23 DAY 4 – Fruit Explained (Part 2) Longsuffering, Gentleness, Goodness, Faith, Meekness, Temperance Main Passage: Galatians 5:22–23 Memory Verse: Proverbs 3:5 — “Trust in the LORD with all thine heart; and lean not unto thine own understanding.” Big Idea: These fruits help us behave toward others like Jesus. 1. Longsuffering (Patience when annoyed) Meaning: Waiting without anger. Being calm when people irritate you. Bible Proof God is patient with us — 2 Peter 3:9 : He is “longsuffering to us-ward.” Jesus showed patience — 1 Timothy 1:16 speaks of Christ’s “longsuffering” toward sinners. We must be patient with others — Ephesians 4:2 : “with longsuffering, forbearing one another in love.” Slum Example: When someone keeps stepping on your foot in a crowded matatu, you don’t fight or insult—you stay calm. 2. Gentleness (Soft, kind actions) Meaning: Treating people kindly in words and actions. Bible Proof God is gentle with us — Psalm 18:35...
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VBS BOOKLET-NOVEMBER 2025

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  VBS Full Booklet: WALKING IN THE LIGHT Theme: “Walking in the Spirit” – Galatians 5:22–23 Audience: Slum Children (Ages 5–15) Introduction to Teachers This VBS booklet is designed for children living in slum communities—simple, joyful, strong, and full of gospel hope. Lessons use everyday examples familiar to children who face hardship, helping them understand God’s love and the work of the Holy Spirit. Each day includes: Main Scripture Memory Verse Big Idea Teaching Outline Activities suitable for slum settings (low-cost, locally available materials) Discussion questions Prayer focus DAY 1 – What Is the Fruit of the Spirit? Where Does It Come From? Main Passage: Galatians 5:22–23 Memory Verse: Galatians 5:22–23 Big Idea: The Fruit of the Spirit is the character of Jesus produced in us by the Holy Spirit. Teaching Outline Who is the Holy Spirit? (Our Helper, Comforter) What is fruit? Fruit grows from a tree with life. What is spiritual fruit? Christlik...
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