I Corinthians in Summary

1 Corinthians 11 (KJV) Commentary

Verse 1

Be ye followers of me, even as I also am of Christ.

Doctrine/Theology:

Discipleship & Example: Paul calls for imitation, not of himself as a man, but as one imitating Christ—pointing to the principle of godly leadership (cf. Heb. 13:7).
Christ-centered Imitation: This safeguards against personality cults by directing attention to Christ as the ultimate model.

Verse 2

Now I praise you, brethren, that ye remember me in all things, and keep the ordinances, as I delivered them to you.

Doctrine/Theology:

Apostolic Tradition: The term "ordinances" refers to apostolic teachings and practices passed down (cf. 2 Thess. 2:15).
Biblical Order: Obedience to apostolic instruction is a mark of true worship and church order.

Headship and Worship (Verses 3–16)

Verse 3

But I would have you know, that the head of every man is Christ; and the head of the woman is the man; and the head of Christ is God.

Doctrine/Theology:

Biblical Headship: A divine order of authority, not of inequality but of function and representation.
Trinitarian Hierarchy: The Son submits to the Father without inferiority, just as the wife submits to the husband (cf. John 5:19).

Verses 4–6

These verses discuss the dishonor brought by a man praying with covered head and a woman with uncovered head.

Doctrine/Theology:

Gender Distinction in Worship: Paul reinforces visible symbols of headship and submission in the gathered assembly.
Worship & Reverence: External actions reflect internal submission to God's created order.

Verse 7

For a man indeed ought not to cover his head, forasmuch as he is the image and glory of God: but the woman is the glory of the man.

Doctrine/Theology:

Creation Theology: Man represents God's authority in creation; woman reflects the honor of man.
Glory and Order: God's glory is to be undistracted in worship through proper gender roles.

Verses 8–10

Explains the creation order: woman from man, and the concept of authority “because of the angels.”

Doctrine/Theology:

Creation & Authority: Man was created first; woman was made for the man—reinforcing God’s purposeful design.
Angelic Witness: Angels observe Christian worship (cf. Eph. 3:10), so reverent order matters.

Verses 11–12

Emphasizes mutual dependence between man and woman.

Doctrine/Theology:

Equality in Value: Though there is order, both are equally necessary and interdependent “in the Lord.”
Balance of Headship & Honor: Leadership does not imply superiority, nor submission inferiority.

Verses 13–16

Appeals to nature and church custom regarding head coverings.

Doctrine/Theology:

Natural Theology: Nature teaches about shame and propriety.
Church Unity: The universal practice of churches is to maintain these standards for uniformity and peace.

The Lord’s Supper (Verses 17–34)

Verse 17

Now in this that I declare unto you I praise you not...

Doctrine/Theology:

Rebuke for Disorder: Paul shifts tone due to improper behavior in worship, particularly during the Lord’s Supper.
Worship Discipline: God cares how worship is conducted.

Verses 18–19

Divisions among you... heresies among you...

Doctrine/Theology:

Church Discipline & Testing: Factions reveal genuine faith; error tests the true.
Doctrinal Purity: Heresies distinguish the sincere from the false professors.

Verses 20–22

This is not to eat the Lord’s supper...

Doctrine/Theology:

Profaning Holy Ordinances: The Lord’s Supper is sacred, not a common meal.
Selfishness Condemned: The table of Christ is about unity and remembrance, not indulgence or class division.

Verses 23–26

Paul recounts the institution of the Lord’s Supper.

Doctrine/Theology:

Ordinance of Communion: Instituted by Christ, it is to be done "in remembrance" of Him.
Covenant Theology: “This cup is the new testament in my blood” – a covenant ratified by Christ’s death (cf. Jer. 31:31-34).
Proclamation of Gospel: Each participation is a proclamation of Christ’s death until He comes.

Verse 27

Whosoever shall eat... unworthily, shall be guilty...

Doctrine/Theology:

Self-Examination: Unworthy participation is not about sinlessness but careless or irreverent partaking.
Holy Things Not to Be Trifled With: Guilt comes upon the careless worshiper.

Verses 28–30

Let a man examine himself... for this cause many are weak and sickly...

Doctrine/Theology:

Discipline for Unworthy Worship: God chastens irreverence even with sickness and death.
Spiritual Health Tied to Worship: Improper worship can bring temporal judgment.

Verses 31–32

If we would judge ourselves, we should not be judged...

Doctrine/Theology:

Self-Discipline Encouraged: Examining our hearts spares us divine judgment.
Chastening as Love: God’s discipline prevents condemnation (cf. Heb. 12:6).

Verses 33–34

Tarry one for another...

Doctrine/Theology:

Unity and Consideration: Communal worship requires thoughtfulness and regard for others.
Reverence and Order: Avoiding judgment begins with order in the assembly.

Key Doctrinal Themes in 1 Corinthians 11

Biblical Headship and Gender Distinctions – Rooted in creation and affirmed in worship.
Apostolic Tradition – Teachings passed down must be kept without innovation.
The Lord’s Supper – A sacred memorial, requiring self-examination and unity.
Divine Discipline – God actively disciplines His people when they dishonor sacred things.
Trinitarian Order – The headship model reflects the harmony and roles within the Godhead.

1 Corinthians Chapter 12 Commentary (KJV)

Theme: Unity and diversity in spiritual gifts within the body of Christ.

Verse 1

“Now concerning spiritual gifts, brethren, I would not have you ignorant.”
Doctrine/Theology: The apostle Paul begins by introducing the topic of spiritual gifts (Greek: pneumatikōn). He seeks to correct ignorance, implying that understanding spiritual gifts is essential for the life and function of the church.
Emphasis: Believers must be taught about the operation, purpose, and origin of spiritual gifts.

Verse 2

“Ye know that ye were Gentiles, carried away unto these dumb idols, even as ye were led.”
Doctrine: Contrast between the believers’ past idolatry and their new spiritual life.
Theology: False religion is devoid of true spiritual life (dumb idols), but the Holy Spirit leads to truth.
Emphasis: The Corinthians must not let their past pagan experiences shape their understanding of spiritual phenomena.

Verse 3

“Wherefore I give you to understand, that no man speaking by the Spirit of God calleth Jesus accursed...”
Doctrine: The Spirit glorifies Christ (cf. John 16:14).
Theology: Any spiritual utterance must be tested by its view of Christ.
Emphasis: True spiritual gifts will always honor Jesus as Lord.

Verse 4

“Now there are diversities of gifts, but the same Spirit.”
Doctrine: Variety in gifting; unity in origin.
Theology: The Holy Spirit distributes various gifts to believers according to His will.
Emphasis: Diversity does not imply disunity.

Verse 5

“And there are differences of administrations, but the same Lord.”
Doctrine: Different ministries (administrations) serve the same purpose under Christ’s lordship.
Theology: Jesus is the sovereign ruler over the church’s work.
Emphasis: All ministries are under the lordship of Christ.

Verse 6

“And there are diversities of operations, but it is the same God which worketh all in all.”
Doctrine: Trinity in action—Spirit (v.4), Lord (v.5), God (v.6).
Theology: God the Father energizes all spiritual workings.
Emphasis: The triune God is active in every true spiritual manifestation.

Verse 7

“But the manifestation of the Spirit is given to every man to profit withal.”
Doctrine: Gifts are for edification of the body, not personal gain.
Theology: The Spirit reveals Himself through each believer for the common good.
Emphasis: Gifts are not trophies but tools for ministry.

Verses 8–10

“For to one is given by the Spirit the word of wisdom…”
Doctrine: List of gifts—wisdom, knowledge, faith, healing, miracles, prophecy, discerning spirits, tongues, interpretation.
Theology: The Spirit sovereignly distributes various supernatural abilities for the building up of the church.
Emphasis: No one has all gifts; each gift serves a divine purpose.

Verse 11

“But all these worketh that one and the selfsame Spirit…”
Doctrine: The Spirit alone determines the distribution of gifts.
Theology: Sovereignty of the Holy Spirit.
Emphasis: Spiritual equality under divine sovereignty.

Verses 12–13

“For as the body is one, and hath many members…”
Doctrine: The Church as the body of Christ.
Theology: Believers are united in one body through the baptism of the Holy Spirit.
Emphasis: Ethnic, social, or gender divisions are abolished in Christ (cf. Gal. 3:28).

Verse 14

“For the body is not one member, but many.”
Doctrine: Unity in diversity is essential to the Church's identity.
Emphasis: The Church needs every member functioning in their place.

Verses 15–20

“If the foot shall say, Because I am not the hand, I am not of the body…”
Doctrine: Each member has equal worth.
Theology: God has designed the Church to function interdependently.
Emphasis: No one is dispensable in the body of Christ.

Verses 21–24

“And the eye cannot say unto the hand, I have no need of thee…”
Doctrine: Honour must be given to less noticeable members.
Theology: God bestows greater honor on what seems less important.
Emphasis: The Church must reflect God’s values, not worldly status.

Verse 25

“That there should be no schism in the body…”
Doctrine: Unity and mutual care eliminate division.
Emphasis: God desires a loving, unified Church where members care for one another.

Verse 26

“And whether one member suffer, all the members suffer…”
Doctrine: Corporate solidarity of believers.
Theology: Believers are spiritually connected.
Emphasis: Empathy and shared life are marks of the true Church.

Verse 27

“Now ye are the body of Christ, and members in particular.”
Doctrine: Believers represent Christ corporately and individually.
Emphasis: Personal responsibility and collective identity.

Verse 28

“And God hath set some in the church, first apostles, secondarily prophets…”
Doctrine: Church offices—apostles, prophets, teachers—followed by gifts of miracles, healings, helps, governments, tongues.
Theology: God’s divine order for ministry.
Emphasis: Gifts must align with God’s established structure.

Verses 29–30

“Are all apostles? are all prophets?...”
Doctrine: Rhetorical questions showing not everyone has the same gift.
Emphasis: God has designed variety and specialization in the body.

Verse 31

“But covet earnestly the best gifts…”
Doctrine: Believers are encouraged to desire gifts that edify most.
Theology: Not all gifts are equal in impact for the church.
Emphasis: The more excellent way (love) is foundational (leading into chapter 13).

Doctrinal and Theological Summary

The Trinity is at work in distributing gifts (vv. 4–6).
The Church is the body of Christ, where each believer has a role (vv. 12–27).
Spiritual gifts are sovereignly distributed by the Holy Spirit for edification, not self-glorification.
Unity in diversity is God's design for the church.
Love is the superior path to exercising all spiritual gifts (transition to 1 Corinthians 13).

1 Corinthians 13 Commentary (KJV)

Verse 1

Though I speak with the tongues of men and of angels, and have not charity, I am become as sounding brass, or a tinkling cymbal.

Doctrine: Superiority of love over gifts.
Theology: Eloquence, even supernatural (angelic) speech, without love is empty and meaningless.
Emphasis: Love is the essential motive for all spiritual service. Tongues without love are just noise.

Verse 2

And though I have the gift of prophecy, and understand all mysteries, and all knowledge; and though I have all faith, so that I could remove mountains, and have not charity, I am nothing.

Doctrine: Even the greatest spiritual gifts are worthless without love.
Theology: True Christian virtue is not measured by giftedness, but by Christlike character.
Emphasis: Love gives value and substance to all gifts.

Verse 3

And though I bestow all my goods to feed the poor, and though I give my body to be burned, and have not charity, it profiteth me nothing.

Doctrine: Self-sacrifice without love is fruitless.
Theology: God examines the heart—not just the act, but the motive behind it.
Emphasis: Even martyrdom is vain if love is absent.

Verse 4

Charity suffereth long, and is kind; charity envieth not; charity vaunteth not itself, is not puffed up,

Doctrine: Love is not a feeling but a Christlike behavior.
Theology: The attributes of love reflect the nature of God (1 John 4:8).
Emphasis: Love is patient, humble, and not self-seeking.

Verse 5

Doth not behave itself unseemly, seeketh not her own, is not easily provoked, thinketh no evil;

Doctrine: Love governs conduct, emotion, and thoughts.
Theology: Sanctification affects even our attitudes toward others.
Emphasis: Love is self-controlled, others-focused, and pure-minded.

Verse 6

Rejoiceth not in iniquity, but rejoiceth in the truth;

Doctrine: Love does not compromise with evil.
Theology: There is no true love without truth (John 17:17).
Emphasis: Biblical love rejoices in righteousness and truth, not in sin.

Verse 7

Beareth all things, believeth all things, hopeth all things, endureth all things.

Doctrine: Love is tenacious and resilient.
Theology: Genuine love perseveres in faith and hope (Romans 5:3–5).
Emphasis: Love is protective, trusting, hopeful, and enduring—reflecting divine character.

Verse 8

Charity never faileth: but whether there be prophecies, they shall fail; whether there be tongues, they shall cease; whether there be knowledge, it shall vanish away.

Doctrine: Love is eternal, while spiritual gifts are temporary.
Theology: In glory, gifts will cease, but love will remain forever (cf. Rev. 21–22).
Emphasis: Prioritize love because it outlasts all spiritual gifts.

Verse 9

For we know in part, and we prophesy in part.

Doctrine: Human knowledge is limited in this life.
Theology: Even the best spiritual insight is incomplete now.
Emphasis: Our current understanding is partial—love helps us wait for full revelation.

Verse 10

But when that which is perfect is come, then that which is in part shall be done away.

Doctrine: The perfection refers to the consummation of all things—heaven or Christ’s return.
Theology: Spiritual gifts are temporary tools until perfection arrives.
Emphasis: Love prepares us for that perfect eternal state.

Verse 11

When I was a child, I spake as a child, I understood as a child, I thought as a child: but when I became a man, I put away childish things.

Doctrine: Spiritual maturity means putting away temporary things.
Theology: Life in this world is childhood compared to the maturity of heaven.
Emphasis: We are growing toward maturity where love will be fully expressed.

Verse 12

For now we see through a glass, darkly; but then face to face: now I know in part; but then shall I know even as also I am known.

Doctrine: Earthly perception is imperfect, but will be perfected in glory.
Theology: The future state involves perfect knowledge and intimacy with God (cf. 1 John 3:2).
Emphasis: We await the day when we’ll see God clearly and completely.

Verse 13

And now abideth faith, hope, charity, these three; but the greatest of these is charity.

Doctrine: Faith and hope abide for now, but love is supreme.
Theology: In eternity, faith becomes sight and hope fulfilled, but love remains forever.
Emphasis: Love is the greatest Christian virtue—the heart of the Christian life.

Doctrinal Summary of 1 Corinthians 13

Doctrine	Summary
Nature of Love	Love is patient, kind, holy, humble, and enduring. It reflects God’s nature.
Gifts vs. Character	Gifts are temporary. Love is superior and eternal.
Christian Maturity	Growth in love is the true mark of spiritual maturity.
Eternal Focus	Heaven is marked by perfect love, not merely perfect knowledge.

1 Corinthians 14 (KJV) – Commentary

Verses 1–5: Prophecy vs. Tongues

1 Follow after charity, and desire spiritual gifts, but rather that ye may prophesy.

Theological Emphasis: Love (charity) remains the primary Christian virtue (cf. ch. 13). Gifts are subordinate to love but still desirable. Prophecy is to be preferred because it edifies the church.
Doctrine: Love governs the use of spiritual gifts. The aim is edification, not personal display.

2 For he that speaketh in an unknown tongue speaketh not unto men, but unto God...

Doctrine: Tongues are a spiritual language directed to God. They are unintelligible to others unless interpreted.

3 But he that prophesieth speaketh unto men to edification, and exhortation, and comfort.

Edification: Prophecy builds up the church with clear, direct communication.
Theology: God desires that His people understand and be strengthened, not confused.

4 He that speaketh in an unknown tongue edifieth himself; but he that prophesieth edifieth the church.

Emphasis: Private benefit vs. corporate edification. Church gatherings prioritize the latter.

5 I would that ye all spake with tongues, but rather that ye prophesied...

Doctrinal Balance: Paul does not forbid tongues but places greater value on prophecy due to its edifying effect on the church.

Verses 6–12: Clarity and Communication

6–11 Paul uses analogies (musical instruments, trumpet, language) to show that unintelligible communication is unhelpful.

Principle: Clarity is essential. Speech must be intelligible to be edifying.

12 Even so ye, forasmuch as ye are zealous of spiritual gifts, seek that ye may excel to the edifying of the church.

Doctrine: Gifts must aim at building up the body of Christ, not showcasing personal spirituality.

Verses 13–19: Understanding Over Ecstasy

13 Wherefore let him that speaketh in an unknown tongue pray that he may interpret.

Theology: Interpretation turns private expression into corporate benefit.

14–15 Paul argues for both spirit and understanding in prayer and song.

Doctrine: Mind and spirit are both essential in Christian worship.

16–17 Others cannot say “Amen” if they do not understand—mutual participation in worship is hindered by tongues without interpretation.

18–19 Paul thanks God for his gift of tongues, but in church prefers understanding five words over ten thousand in tongues.

Theological Point: Public ministry must aim at clarity and edification.

Verses 20–25: Tongues as a Sign to Unbelievers

20 Brethren, be not children in understanding...

Maturity in discernment is required regarding the use of spiritual gifts.

21–22 Paul quotes Isaiah 28:11–12: tongues are a sign of judgment to unbelieving Jews.

Doctrine: Tongues, when not understood, lead to hardened hearts; prophecy reveals the heart and leads to repentance.

23–25 If unbelievers see disorder (tongues without interpretation), they think you’re mad. But if prophecy convicts them, they worship God.

Theology of Worship: God is glorified when hearts are exposed and convicted by truth.

Verses 26–33: Order in Church Gatherings

26 Let all things be done unto edifying.

Key Principle: Edification is the goal of all church activities.

27–28 Tongues must be limited (by number and interpretation). If no interpreter, keep silent.

Ecclesiology: The church must operate in order, not chaos.

29–31 Prophets speak in turn, others judge. All may prophesy, but in order.

Doctrine of Discernment: Teaching and prophecy are not to be received blindly but evaluated.

32 The spirits of the prophets are subject to the prophets.

Key Theology: The Holy Spirit does not override self-control. Prophets can and must regulate their delivery.

33 For God is not the author of confusion, but of peace...

Nature of God: God is orderly; so must His church be.

Verses 34–35: Women in Church Order

34–35 Let your women keep silence in the churches...

Controversial Text: Likely refers to evaluative speech or public debate, not absolute silence (cf. 1 Cor. 11:5 where women pray and prophesy).
Theological Principle: Submission in worship reflects divine order (cf. 1 Tim. 2:11–14).

Verses 36–38: Paul Defends Apostolic Authority

36–37 Paul rebukes those who challenge apostolic instruction. True spirituality submits to apostolic teaching.

Doctrine of Revelation: Apostolic commands are from the Lord.

38 But if any man be ignorant, let him be ignorant.

Judgment: If someone refuses to acknowledge apostolic authority, they are self-condemned.

Verses 39–40: Conclusion

39 Wherefore, brethren, covet to prophesy, and forbid not to speak with tongues.

Balanced View: Do not forbid tongues, but prioritize prophecy for edification.

40 Let all things be done decently and in order.

Church Polity Principle: Order, clarity, and love must govern all worship practices.

Key Doctrinal Themes

Edification of the Church – The overarching goal of all spiritual gifts.
Prophecy vs. Tongues – Prophecy is more useful in the corporate setting unless tongues are interpreted.
Worship in Spirit and Understanding – Both heart and mind must engage in worship.
Church Order Reflects God’s Character – Disorder misrepresents the nature of God.
Submission to Apostolic Instruction – True spirituality honors apostolic doctrine.

1 Corinthians 15 Commentary (KJV)

The Resurrection of Christ (Verses 1–11)

Verse 1

Moreover, brethren, I declare unto you the gospel which I preached unto you, which also ye have received, and wherein ye stand.

Doctrine/Theology:

The Gospel Foundation: The gospel Paul preached is the foundation of the Corinthians' faith. The gospel is not just a message to hear but something to stand firm in (cf. Rom. 5:1).
Doctrinal Certainty: The gospel, including the resurrection, is central to Christianity.

Verse 2

By which also ye are saved, if ye keep in memory what I preached unto you, unless ye have believed in vain.

Doctrine/Theology:

Salvation by the Gospel: Salvation is directly linked to belief in the gospel, and not merely a one-time profession but a continual holding fast.
Perseverance in Faith: Belief in vain indicates a superficial, non-saving faith.

Verses 3–4

For I delivered unto you first of all that which I also received, how that Christ died for our sins according to the scriptures; And that he was buried, and that he rose again the third day according to the scriptures:

Doctrine/Theology:

Core of the Gospel: The death, burial, and resurrection of Jesus Christ are the heart of the Christian faith.
Atoning Death: Christ’s death was for our sins, showing substitutionary atonement.
Scriptural Fulfillment: The gospel events were prophesied in the Scriptures (e.g., Psalm 22, Isaiah 53).

Verses 5–8

And that he was seen of Cephas, then of the twelve...

Doctrine/Theology:

Eyewitness Testimony: The resurrection is attested by multiple witnesses, securing the historical validity of Christ’s victory over death.
Resurrection and the Body: Jesus rose bodily, and He appeared to many, showing that He was truly alive.

Verse 9

For I am the least of the apostles, that am not meet to be called an apostle, because I persecuted the church of God.

Doctrine/Theology:

Grace and Humility: Paul acknowledges his unworthiness, highlighting that grace is the foundation of his apostleship (cf. Eph. 3:8).
Redemption and Calling: God calls those who are undeserving, showing the power of redemption.

Verse 10

But by the grace of God I am what I am: and his grace which was bestowed upon me was not in vain; but I laboured more abundantly than they all: yet not I, but the grace of God which was with me.

Doctrine/Theology:

God’s Grace in Action: Paul attributes his work to God’s grace working through him, underscoring God’s empowering grace.
Christlike Service: Paul’s labor was a response to grace, not self-glory.

Verse 11

Therefore whether it were I or they, so we preach, and so ye believed.

Doctrine/Theology:

Unity in the Gospel: Whether preached by Paul or others, the message of the gospel remains the same.
Faith in the Message: Salvation comes from hearing and believing the gospel, not from human personality.

The Necessity of the Resurrection (Verses 12–19)

Verse 12

Now if Christ be preached that he rose from the dead, how say some among you that there is no resurrection of the dead?

Doctrine/Theology:

Resurrection Denial: Some in Corinth were rejecting the resurrection of the dead, which undermines the very essence of the gospel.
Theological Consequences: If there is no resurrection, then Christianity falls apart.

Verses 13–14

But if there be no resurrection of the dead, then is Christ not risen: And if Christ be not risen, then is our preaching vain, and your faith is also vain.

Doctrine/Theology:

Centrality of the Resurrection: The resurrection is foundational—if Christ didn’t rise, then the whole Christian faith is meaningless.
Theological Implication: Faith without the resurrection is empty, and preaching is powerless.

Verse 15

Yea, and we are found false witnesses of God; because we have testified of God that he raised up Christ: whom he raised not up, if so be that the dead rise not.

Doctrine/Theology:

False Testimony: If there is no resurrection, the apostles would be false witnesses, and their testimony would be a lie.
Foundational Gospel Testimony: The apostles’ credibility depends on the truth of the resurrection.

Verse 16

For if the dead rise not, then is not Christ raised:

Doctrine/Theology:

Logical Consistency: If the dead do not rise, then Christ Himself has not been raised.
Christ's Resurrection as Key: The resurrection of Christ is the guarantee of the future resurrection for believers.

Verse 17

And if Christ be not raised, your faith is vain; ye are yet in your sins.

Doctrine/Theology:

The Gospel’s Efficacy: Without the resurrection, Christ's sacrifice is insufficient, and sin remains unconquered.
Salvation and Resurrection: The resurrection validates Christ’s atoning work on the cross (Rom. 4:25).

Verse 18

Then they also which are fallen asleep in Christ are perished.

Doctrine/Theology:

Hope for the Dead: Without the resurrection, those who have died in Christ are lost, and there is no eternal hope.

Verse 19

If in this life only we have hope in Christ, we are of all men most miserable.

Doctrine/Theology:

Eternal Hope: If there is no resurrection, Christians have no hope beyond this life, making their faith futile and their suffering pointless.
Christian Hope: The resurrection gives meaning to all of life, including suffering.

The Nature of the Resurrection (Verses 20–28)

Verse 20

But now is Christ risen from the dead, and become the firstfruits of them that slept.

Doctrine/Theology:

Firstfruits of Resurrection: Christ’s resurrection is the guarantee and first installment of the future resurrection of all believers.
Victory over Death: Christ is the victor over death, and His resurrection assures the future resurrection of all who are in Him.

Verses 21–22

For since by man came death, by man came also the resurrection of the dead. For as in Adam all die, even so in Christ shall all be made alive.

Doctrine/Theology:

Adam and Christ as Federal Heads: As Adam’s sin brought death to all humanity, Christ’s resurrection brings life to those united with Him.
Substitutionary Work of Christ: Christ’s work reverses Adam’s fall.

Verses 23–24

But every man in his own order: Christ the firstfruits; afterward they that are Christ’s at his coming. Then cometh the end...

Doctrine/Theology:

Order of Resurrection: Christ is the firstfruits, then believers will be resurrected at His second coming, and ultimately, the end will come when all is subjected to Christ.
Eschatology: The resurrection is tied to the final consummation of all things.

Verse 25–26

For he must reign, till he hath put all enemies under his feet. The last enemy that shall be destroyed is death.

Doctrine/Theology:

Christ's Reign: Christ is reigning now and will continue until all enemies, including death, are defeated.
Defeat of Death: Death is the last enemy to be defeated, and the resurrection assures us of this victory.

Verse 27

For he hath put all things under his feet...

Doctrine/Theology:

Christ’s Sovereignty: God the Father has placed all things under Christ's rule, affirming His supreme authority.

Verse 28

And when all things shall be subdued unto him, then shall the Son also himself be subject unto him that put all things under him, that God may be all in all.

Doctrine/Theology:

Christ’s Humility: Christ submits to the Father in ultimate glory, demonstrating divine unity.
Ultimate Purpose: God’s final goal is to be all in all, signifying perfect unity and eternal worship.

The Resurrection Body (Verses 35–49)

Verse 35

But some man will say, How are the dead raised up? and with what body do they come?

Doctrine/Theology:

Resurrection Questioned: Paul anticipates doubts about the nature of the resurrection body.
Transformation: The resurrection body is different from the earthly body but still material.

Verses 36–38

That which thou sowest is not quickened, except it die...

Doctrine/Theology:

Sowing and Reaping: Paul uses the analogy of a seed to explain the resurrection body. The earthly body is like a seed that must die before it can be raised in glory.
Transformation: The resurrection body is gloriously different from the current body, just as a seed differs from the plant.

Verses 39–44

Describes the differences between earthly bodies and heavenly bodies.

Doctrine/Theology:

Transformation and Glory: The resurrection body is imperishable, honorable, powerful, and spiritual.
Distinctive Glory: There is a glory in each type of body (earthly, heavenly), but the resurrection body is superior.

Verses 45–49

And so it is written, The first man Adam was made a living soul; the last Adam was made a quickening spirit.

Doctrine/Theology:

Adam vs. Christ: Adam was the head of the natural creation, while Christ is the head of the new creation.
Christ’s Role: Christ gives life to the dead, bringing them into His spiritual likeness.

Victory Over Death (Verses 50–58)

Verses 50–53

Now this I say, brethren, that flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God...

Doctrine/Theology:

Transformation Needed: The mortal body must be changed to inherit the eternal, imperishable kingdom of God.
Glory and Immortality: The resurrection body will be imperishable, fit for eternal glory.

Verse 54–57

Death is swallowed up in victory...

Doctrine/Theology:

Victory Over Death: The resurrection guarantees victory over death and sin, thanks to Christ’s triumph.
Christ’s Victory: Christ’s victory is final, and believers share in it.

Verse 58

Therefore, my beloved brethren, be ye stedfast, unmoveable, always abounding in the work of the Lord...

Doctrine/Theology:

Encouragement to Perseverance: Because of the resurrection, Christians are called to remain steadfast and continually labor for the Lord, knowing their work will not be in vain.

Key Doctrinal Themes in 1 Corinthians 15

Resurrection is Central: The resurrection of Christ is foundational to the gospel.
Victory over Death: Christ’s resurrection guarantees victory over death for believers.
Transformation of the Body: Believers will receive resurrection bodies that are imperishable, glorious, and suited for eternity.
Christ’s Role as Firstfruits: Christ's resurrection is the guarantee of the future resurrection of believers.
Eternal Hope: The resurrection of Christ transforms suffering and death into hope and victory.

1 Corinthians 16 Commentary (KJV)

Verses 1–4 – The Collection for the Saints

1 Now concerning the collection for the saints, as I have given order to the churches of Galatia, even so do ye.
2 Upon the first day of the week let every one of you lay by him in store, as God hath prospered him, that there be no gatherings when I come.
3 And when I come, whomsoever ye shall approve by your letters, them will I send to bring your liberality unto Jerusalem.
4 And if it be meet that I go also, they shall go with me.

Doctrine & Theology:

Stewardship and Christian Giving: Giving is a regular, planned, and proportional act of worship (v.2)—done “upon the first day of the week” (the Lord’s Day), showing the shift from Sabbath to Sunday worship in the early church.
Unity of the Church: The Gentile churches (Corinth, Galatia) are supporting Jewish believers in Jerusalem, emphasizing the universal nature of the church and Christian compassion (Romans 15:25–27).
Accountability in Ministry: Paul emphasizes transparency in handling church funds (v.3), highlighting wise stewardship.

Verses 5–9 – Paul's Travel Plans

5 Now I will come unto you, when I shall pass through Macedonia: for I do pass through Macedonia.
6 And it may be that I will abide, yea, and winter with you, that ye may bring me on my journey whithersoever I go.
7 For I will not see you now by the way; but I trust to tarry a while with you, if the Lord permit.
8 But I will tarry at Ephesus until Pentecost.
9 For a great door and effectual is opened unto me, and there are many adversaries.

Doctrine & Theology:

God’s Sovereignty in Planning: Paul submits his travel plans to the Lord’s will (v.7). This models biblical humility (cf. James 4:15).
Mission Focus: Open doors (v.9) suggest divine opportunities for gospel work, even in the presence of “many adversaries,” showing the tension between ministry fruitfulness and opposition.

Verses 10–12 – Timothy and Apollos

10 Now if Timotheus come, see that he may be with you without fear: for he worketh the work of the Lord, as I also do.
11 Let no man therefore despise him: but conduct him forth in peace, that he may come unto me: for I look for him with the brethren.
12 As touching our brother Apollos, I greatly desired him to come unto you with the brethren: but his will was not at all to come at this time; but he will come when he shall have convenient time.

Doctrine & Theology:

Ministry Respect and Unity: Timothy is a young minister doing the Lord’s work and is to be respected (v.10–11). This reinforces the doctrine of the priesthood of all believers and the authority of faithful ministers.
Christian Liberty and Conscience: Apollos exercised personal liberty in ministry timing (v.12), indicating cooperation among leaders without coercion.

Verses 13–14 – Final Exhortations

13 Watch ye, stand fast in the faith, quit you like men, be strong.
14 Let all your things be done with charity.

Doctrine & Theology:

Christian Vigilance and Fortitude: Verse 13 is a military-like charge to spiritual readiness, stability, courage, and strength in the faith.
Love as the Chief Virtue: Everything must be done in love (v.14). Paul returns to the theme of agapē love from chapter 13—love governs all Christian conduct.

Verses 15–18 – Acknowledgment of Fellow Workers

15 I beseech you, brethren, (ye know the house of Stephanas, that it is the firstfruits of Achaia, and that they have addicted themselves to the ministry of the saints,)
16 That ye submit yourselves unto such, and to every one that helpeth with us, and laboureth.
17 I am glad of the coming of Stephanas and Fortunatus and Achaicus: for that which was lacking on your part they have supplied.
18 For they have refreshed my spirit and yours: therefore acknowledge ye them that are such.

Doctrine & Theology:

Servant Leadership and Recognition: Paul honors those who are devoted to ministry. The “firstfruits” shows God’s electing and calling grace (v.15).
Mutual Submission and Encouragement: Believers are to submit to faithful workers (v.16), reflecting biblical leadership and mutual edification.

Verses 19–21 – Greetings from Other Churches

19 The churches of Asia salute you. Aquila and Priscilla salute you much in the Lord, with the church that is in their house.
20 All the brethren greet you. Greet ye one another with an holy kiss.
21 The salutation of me Paul with mine own hand.

Doctrine & Theology:

Church Fellowship Across Regions: Shows the unity and communion of saints across geographic boundaries.
House Churches: The mention of a church in Aquila and Priscilla’s house (v.19) shows the early church’s simplicity and intimate gathering style.
Affection in Christian Fellowship: A “holy kiss” was a cultural expression of brotherly love and peace.
Paul's Autograph: His personal signature (v.21) authenticates the letter, reinforcing the apostolic authority.

Verses 22–24 – Final Warning and Benediction

22 If any man love not the Lord Jesus Christ, let him be Anathema Maranatha.
23 The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you.
24 My love be with you all in Christ Jesus. Amen.

Doctrine & Theology:

Christ-Centered Judgment and Hope: “Anathema” means cursed; “Maranatha” means “our Lord comes.” This warning connects love for Christ with salvation, and links final judgment and eschatological hope.
Grace and Love: Paul ends with a benediction of grace and love (v.23–24), summing up the entire epistle: doctrinal truth upheld in Christian love.

Doctrinal Themes in 1 Corinthians 16

The Lord’s Day as a day of worship and giving
Christian stewardship and support of gospel work
Gospel partnership across churches
Ministerial accountability and cooperation
The sovereignty of God in ministry plans
Spiritual readiness and love as Christian essentials
Recognition and submission to faithful leadership
The reality of divine judgment and hope of Christ’s return

General Context of 1 Corinthians:

Paul wrote 1 Corinthians to address divisions, immorality, doctrinal confusion, and spiritual pride in the church at Corinth—a wealthy, idolatrous, and morally corrupt city. The epistle offers correction, instruction, and exaltation of Christ as the wisdom, power, and foundation of the church.

Chapter-by-Chapter Doctrinal Themes:

1 Corinthians 1 – The Wisdom of God vs. the Wisdom of the World

Doctrine of Election (v. 26–29) – God chooses the foolish, weak, and base to shame the wise.
Christocentric Theology (v. 24, 30) – Christ is our wisdom, righteousness, sanctification, and redemption.
The Cross (v. 18) – The preaching of the cross divides the perishing from the saved.
Unity in Christ (v. 10–13) – No division; all are to be united under Christ, not personalities.

1 Corinthians 2 – Spiritual Illumination

Revelation and Illumination (v. 10–14) – The natural man cannot receive the things of the Spirit.
Doctrine of Inspiration (v. 13) – Words taught by the Holy Ghost.
Christ Crucified (v. 2) – Central message: the crucified Christ.

1 Corinthians 3 – Carnality and Rewards

Sanctification and Spiritual Growth (v. 1–3) – Believers must grow from carnality to maturity.
Doctrine of Rewards (v. 12–15) – Every man’s work will be judged.
Church as God’s Temple (v. 16–17) – The believer is indwelt by the Spirit.

1 Corinthians 4 – True Apostleship and Stewardship

Stewardship (v. 1–2) – Ministers must be faithful stewards of God's mysteries.
Judgment (v. 5) – Wait for God’s final judgment, not man’s.

1 Corinthians 5 – Church Discipline

Church Purity (v. 6–8) – A little leaven leavens the whole lump.
Separation (v. 11–13) – Do not keep fellowship with professing believers who persist in gross sin.
Moral Discipline – Removing unrepentant sinners preserves the church’s witness.

1 Corinthians 6 – Christian Conduct and the Body

Sanctification (v. 11) – "Ye are washed... sanctified... justified."
The Body is the Temple (v. 19–20) – Glorify God in your body.
Judging Angels (v. 3) – A future glorified role of believers.
Sexual Purity – Avoid fornication; the body belongs to Christ.

1 Corinthians 7 – Marriage and Christian Calling

Doctrine of Marriage – Marriage is honorable; celibacy is a gift, not a command.
Christian Liberty – Each person is to remain in the calling where God called them, unless providentially changed.

1 Corinthians 8 – Liberty and Love

Conscience and Christian Liberty – Knowledge must be governed by love.
Weak Brethren (v. 9–13) – Avoid causing others to stumble.

1 Corinthians 9 – Rights of Ministers

Ministerial Support – Those who preach the gospel should live of the gospel.
Self-Discipline (v. 27) – Keep the body in subjection, lest one be a castaway.

1 Corinthians 10 – Warnings from Israel’s History

Typology of the Old Testament – Israel’s failures are examples for us.
Doctrine of Idolatry – Christians must flee idolatry.
Christian Liberty Balanced with Responsibility – All things lawful are not expedient.

1 Corinthians 11 – Headship, Worship, and the Lord’s Table

Headship (v. 3) – God → Christ → Man → Woman.
Order in Worship – Proper dress, conduct, and submission in corporate gatherings.
Doctrine of the Lord’s Supper (v. 23–32) – A holy memorial requiring self-examination.

1 Corinthians 12 – Spiritual Gifts and the Body

Diversity in Unity – One Spirit, many gifts.
Doctrine of the Body of Christ – Each member is vital, interdependent.
Spiritual Unity – The Spirit unites all believers into one body.

1 Corinthians 13 – The Supremacy of Love

Agape Love – Love surpasses all gifts and is eternal.
Fruit Over Gifts – Without love, spiritual gifts are nothing.

1 Corinthians 14 – Order in Spiritual Gifts

Prophecy and Edification – Spiritual gifts must edify the body.
Tongues – Must be interpreted, regulated.
Worship and Order – God is not the author of confusion.

1 Corinthians 15 – The Resurrection of Christ and Believers

Gospel Definition (v. 1–4) – Christ died, was buried, and rose again.
Doctrine of Resurrection – If Christ is not risen, faith is vain.
Future Glory – We shall be raised incorruptible and immortal.
Victory Over Death (v. 55–57) – Through Jesus Christ our Lord.

1 Corinthians 16 – Practical Matters

Giving (v. 1–2) – Systematic, proportionate giving.
Ministry Fellowship – Recognition of faithful ministers (e.g., Stephanas).
Watchfulness (v. 13–14) – Stand fast, be strong, do all in love.

Key Doctrinal Themes Across the Whole Book:

Doctrine	Teaching
Christology	Christ is central in salvation, sanctification, and resurrection
Ecclesiology	The church is one body, sanctified, called to unity and purity
Sanctification	Believers must pursue holiness, flee sin, and mature spiritually
Spiritual Gifts	All gifts are from the Holy Spirit and must be used in love and order
Resurrection	Essential to the gospel; guarantees our future hope
Love (Agape)	The supreme virtue; necessary for all Christian service
Stewardship	Christians are stewards of truth, time, bodies, and resources
Liberty and Conscience	Christian freedom must not cause others to stumble
Judgment	Both temporal (discipline) and eternal rewards are emphasized
Church Discipline	Necessary for purity and testimony

By Kenneth Malenge